如果攀登雪山是感受冰雪与岩石的磨砾，那么溯溪就是人与水和石的亲密接触。溯溪活动发源于峡谷溪流中，可能来自于一次河钓的偶然发现，或是夜间捉鱼摸虾的生活需要，也许仅是人们探究未知领域的好奇心，也可能仅仅是一次山间的迷路。不论溯溪的起源和兴起来自何时何地，现在这项活动越来越为人们所熟知和乐于尝试。和大多数运动一样，在掌握基本技能的基础上，好的装备所带来的是信心和由此产生的乐趣。那么现在介绍一下溯溪运动的基础和必备之物---溯溪鞋。
在此，先不给大家一个定义，而是结合溯溪过程中遇到的实际情况，来理解溯溪鞋的概念和一些品牌产品的设计思想。那么溯溪的乐趣和所遇到的是一种什么地形情况和难点呢？我很愿意以一种简单的方式去做比，就象是解决一道应用题，本身这道题就有难易之分，也可能有多种方式去求解，而溯溪的乐趣就如同去解这么一组题，可能你会很容易的就找到一道题的解法，也可能你面对难题无从下手，而这正式溯溪运动的魅力所在，它所带来的是不确定性和解题后的愉悦，正如面对过的许多困难一样，你所需要的是克服困难的勇气和勤于思考的头脑。
溯溪在英文中翻译为Canyoning，也有翻译为STREAM TREKKING的，泛指溪谷的攀登活動，包括溪谷健行,攀瀑,泅渡等活动，溯溪過程中包括了行、攀、爬、跳、涉、泳等各种方式. 。一般来说，溯溪所要经过的多是峡谷中的水道，水道中可能会有形态各异的石头，在不同的季节中它们可能露出水面，也可能隐于水底，它们或干而稳定，或布满苔藓，湿滑难立，这就首先要求溯溪鞋要有优异的防滑性，特别是在潮湿后依然能起到良好的止滑效果。大部分VIBRAM底的鞋被证实是不适合用来溯溪的，因为溯溪鞋并不要求特别耐磨，相反一些较软的橡胶鞋底，比如说使用STEALTH S1或AQUA STEALTH底的越野鞋，凉鞋或徒步鞋都会有出色的表现。还有如使用蜘蛛橡胶的TEVA鞋都表现不错，溯溪的环境中沙石较多，因此环境要求鞋的附着力较强而非抓地性出色。对于在一些V型峡谷中溪流边裸露的岩石面上行走时，有时其坡度可能会超过四五十度，鞋底的齿型也不象一些徒步穿越鞋一样有较深的齿纹设计，而是要求鞋底要与岩石面有较大的接触面积以增加摩擦力。这种摩擦力除了来自于鞋底花纹的设计，比如说吸盘式或波浪式，最主要还是要看使用橡胶的本身所能带来的性能表现。就如同大部分攀岩鞋一样并不需要鞋底有特殊的花纹设计，但溯溪的环境较复杂，除了考虑水中的情况外还要满足丛林穿越或涧行的要求，所以鞋底大部分还是设计有花纹的，用来增加应付复杂地形的抓地性能。
在溯溪时难免要在石头间蹦来跳去，或在浅水的河床中行走，鞋子的减震效果和对碎石的过滤性要强，这就要求最好有较厚的EVA或PP中底，试想穿着一双高筒胶靴在满是高低不平的鹅卵石水中行走是件多么不舒服的事。
溯溪鞋是经常出水和入水的，这就要求鞋子的排水性要好，而且泥沙也能随水一同排出，减少对脚步的磨损，现在有一些水陆两栖鞋在设计上就考虑在鞋面及帮部大面积地使用网布以达到快速排水的功能，同时一些憎水织物或速干的材料也被使用以达到快速干爽的效果。同时在鞋帮或鞋根处设计一些空隙能够将沙石排除。实际上一些户外凉鞋在设计上对以上提到的方面都有其本身的优势及考虑。但对于以下的实际情况，它们可能就不太胜任了。
溯溪过程中充满乐趣与刺激的莫过于遇到一些瀑布了，超过三米落差的都可认为是瀑布，低矮的瀑布可以通过器材甚至是徒手攀登通过，这就要求溯溪鞋具有一定的攀爬特性，除了有较好的摩擦效果外，较尖的类似攀岩鞋的鞋头设计可以很好的在湿滑的岩面上找到支撑点，而较硬的鞋头对于保护脚尖也会很有帮助，
在溯溪过程中，对于脚部可能遇到的伤害多数会来自于不明情况的水下环境，不小心的崴脚或将脚插入石缝或石头翻滚都会造成脚部的受伤，所以对于脚面及脚踝的保护也是必要的，这就要求溯溪鞋能有不同于户外凉鞋的脚面保护,同时中高帮的设计对于在较复杂的水道中溯行时对脚步的全面防护也会较好。另一个有同样要求的环境是当我们遇到一些高而湿滑的瀑布时，无法直接翻越，必须从侧面迂回而到其上时，必须且多数情况下一定是要通过一些陡上陡下的坡，中高帮的鞋的支撑力明显要好于低帮鞋，而对脚趾的挤压也会小些。
TEVA RIVER SHOE
RYDECKER PRO
Not quite a shoe and not really a sandal, the Rydecker is a true hybrid. Open and breathable for hot and wet environments yet protective in critical areas. Add in a Stealth® F64 Rubber outsole for sure-footed traction.
注意其鞋底为STEALTH底为了增加耐用性在鞋跟外侧及鞋掌内侧增加了硬度较高的橡胶材料以保护较为柔软及怕磨的STEALTH鞋底
本文包含图片附件:
TEVA RIVER SHOES
RICOCHET PRO
Equally at home in the water as it is on the trail, the Ricochet Pro represents a new breed of versatile performance. Highly ventilated, quick draining and secure to your foot with Liquid Frame™ technology, the is no better shoe that can take you from the water to the rock. Exclusive Stealth® F-64 Rubber outsole underfoot, made especially for Teva by Stealth Rubber, provides confidence with every step.
鞋底是由STEALTH为TEVA特别开发的F-64橡胶底。
FIVE TEN
FIVE TEN系列中有一种为WATER SHOE水鞋系列
The first shoe designed specifically for canyoneering. Stealth rubber soles provide unbeatable traction for scrambling, while the self-bailing polyurethane midsoles protect your feet from sharp rocks. A burly neoprene ankle collar provides warmth and protection from icy spring run-off.
Sizes 7-13.
A truly amphibious shoe that is as comfortable in the water as out. This rugged cross-trainer is a favorite of raft guides and adventure racers. It’s also a whale of a shoe for fishing.
The Nemo High offers superior protection and support. The snug-sealing neoprene ankle cuff helps lock out sand and pebbles, while a TPR sH2Oes patch cushions sensitive anklebones.
Originally designed for the French Olympic Sailing Team, the Splash is a lightweight bootie with remarkable traction. The sipped AquaStealth sole allows water to fill razor-cut slits forming tight hydrogen bonds for suction cup-like traction. It’s a great choice for play boating, windsurfing, creeking, canoeing, sea kayaking, surfing, dinghy sailing and big boat aft crewing.
以上四款鞋除了CANYONEER使用的是STEALTH S1以外，其它三款用的都是AQUA STEALTH橡胶。
实际上个人更喜欢FIVE TEN 的APPROACH SHOE
使用它来山涧溯行将会是个不错的选择，只是要多带双备用鞋了。它使用的是STEALTH S1橡胶底.
说到这里大家可能对STEALTH底产生了兴趣
在此对广泛应用于溯溪鞋中的两种STEALTH橡胶，S1 和AQUA STEALTH做个介绍：
STEALTH橡胶底按用途主要使用在以下几个方面：
1。 STEALTH C4---ROCK
2。 STEALTHE S1 ---APPROACH
The ideal rubber for hiking shoes because it provides maximum shock absorption - far more than any average rubber outsoles. Its also highly durable and stickier than any other hiking shoe rubber on the market. Stealth S1® is somewhat softer than C4®, but equally durable. Every time you step on a sharp rock, the Stealth® soles are able to take some of that force, rather than reject it.
曾经穿过一双FIVE TEN的徒步攀岩鞋，并在溯溪时经常使用，STEALTH底在各种混合水陆地形均有优异表现。但因该底较薄，中底缺乏保护，结果两只鞋的中底均在外侧处磨通。现已停产，实在遗憾。
3。 STEALTH HF---HIGH FRICTION
4。 AQUASTEALTH---WATER
Considered better than felt on all but the slimiest of wet rock by technically savvy anglers. Kayakers and Search & Rescue workers depend on it for security and safety when walking on wet rock, even in fast current. AquaStealth® is a spongier version of Stealth®. Since its spongier, its better able to sink its way through water and even mossy muck to bond with the rock beneath it.
5。 STEALTH MT---MOUNTAINEERING
其中的STEALTH S1和AQUA STEALTH广泛用于各品牌的溯溪鞋中比如说FIVE TEN,CHACO等，连大名鼎鼎的TEVA也在高端的涉水鞋中使用STEALTH的鞋底，而使用自身开发的SPIDER底的鞋，在售价上也略逊一些。
再来看看其他品牌的溯溪鞋
SALOMAN PRO AMPHIBIAN WATER SHOE
Built for watersports, these quick-draining shoes are full of water-friendly features for performance in and around water.
Single-layer two-way stretch airmesh uppers are lightweight, quick-drying, and offer support and durability
Quickfit™ lacing system cradles feet with one pull, ensuring a precise and customized fit
Lace pockets on tongues let you tuck laces up and out of the way to prevent them from catching on objects in the water
Adjustable, collapsible backs let you wear these with neoprene booties or socks if you choose
Adjustable heel straps let you snug heels in
Drainage ports ensure easy escape for water inside shoes
Contagrip® 2 rubber outsoles deliver optimal performance on mixed terrain
SALOMAN TECK AMPHIBIAN WATER SHOE
Equally at home on land or in water, these amphibious shoes are great for pursuits like river running and canyoneering.
Adjustable, collapsible backs let you wear these with neoprene booties/socks if you choose
Kevlar quick-lace system provides secure, non-slip fit
Drainage ports ensure easy escape for water inside shoes
Contagrip® 2 rubber outsoles deliver optimal performance on mixed terrain
Lightweight, quick-drying synthetic/mesh uppers offer support and durability
KEEN
KEEN BANFF WATERSHOE
Get running shoe comfort and sandal breathability with these hybrids that take the watershoe to a new level of hip performance.
Quick-drying polyester webbing and synthetic leather straps bolster nylon stretch mesh booties for a secure fit and superb ventilation
Patented rubber toe guards protect feet from scuffs, bumps and uneven terrain
One-pull elastic drawcord lacing secures uppers around instep; heel and tongue loops aid entry and exit
Anti-microbial woven synthetic lining absorbs moisture, dries fast and resists odor-causing bacteria
Removable Metatomical™ EVA footbeds are custom shaped to provide ample cushioning and arch support--will accommodate orthotics
Dual-density molded EVA midsoles offer rich shock-absorption and padding while maintaining balanced support and toe off flexibility
Non-marking carbon rubber outsoles with deep lug pattern offers long-wearing durability and superb traction on loose dirt, scree or rock
KEEN HOOD RIVER SANDAL
Designed for action and engineered to perform, these water sandals fit your feet like gloves.
A combination of nylon webbing uppers and neoprene hold feet securely even in turbulent water, with a side buckle for snugging the fit
Patented toe guards protect feet from painful bruising against hidden rocks
EVA midsoles provide cushioning while Clarino™ Serdia™ anti-microbial footbeds help keep foot odor under control
Knife-cut siping on rubber outsoles deliver reliable traction on wet surfaces
MERRELL
Merrell Waterpro Multi-Sport Water Shoes
These superbly stable water shoes are ideal for ambitious amphibious outings requiring cushioning, protection and support in and out of the water!
Synthetic leather and ventilated mesh uppers are fully water-resistant, resist stretching, maintain breathability and provide durable protection
Micro mesh free-flowing drainage ports on sides ensure shoes eject water easily and dry quickly
Dynamic lacing system with free-floating heel solidly secures heels and instep for a static fit; heel pull loops aid entry/exit
Injection-molded thermal polyurethane rearfoot stabilizer and instep security wrap provide torsional control over heel and instep motion
Footbeds have water drainage/ventilation ports for extra comfort and cushioning
Molded nylon arch supports supply rigidity and support in arch area
In-Board™ compression-molded EVA footframe with Air Cushion® shock absorption at heels for all-day wear
Non-marking Vibram® WaterPro™ outsoles with TC1 Dura Rubber and razor-cut siping deliver amazing wet-surface traction
Merrell Waterpro Ultra-Sport Water Shoes
All-terrain watershoes for high-speed canyoneers, rafters, kayakers or anyone needing dependable traction and support in and out of the water!
Synthetic leather and ventilated mesh uppers are fully water-resistant, resist stretching, maintain breathability and provide durable protection
Micro mesh free-flowing drainage ports on sides ensure shoes eject water easily and dry quickly
Dynamic lacing system with free-floating heel solidly secures heels and instep for a static fit; heel pull loops aid entry/exit
Injection-molded thermal polyurethane rearfoot stabilizer and toe bumpers bolster and protect feet from difficult terrain
Footbeds have water drainage/ventilation ports for extra comfort and cushioning
Molded nylon arch supports supply superb torsional stability
In-Board™ compression-molded EVA footframe with Air Cushion® shock absorption at heels for all-day wear
Non-marking sticky Vibram® RinseMaster™ outsoles with TC1 Dura Rubber and razor-cut siping deliver amazing wet-surface traction
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